Abstract Background: Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery (ERABS) protocols involve a series of multimodal perioperative procedures based on evidence designed to reduce physiological stress, improve recovery, and reduce costs on medical attention by decreasing length of hospital stay (length of stay [LOS]). Objective: The objective of the study was to report the viability and results of the ERABS application in a reference bariatric center. Materials and methods: A prospective, observational, and descriptive study on bariatric procedures conducted over 12 months in the ERABS context which includes pre-procedure, intraprocedure, and post-procedure measures. The collected data include demographic data, comorbidity, morbimortality, LOS, and readmission to hospital. Results: Sixty-four patients within a median of 38.8 ± 9.5 years and 44.1 ± 6.20 kg/m2 BMI underwent surgery. Fifty-five (85.93%) were Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) cases and 9 (14.06%) were sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Related comorbidities were hypertension 37%, diabetes 34%, dyslipidemia 23%, and obstructive sleep apnea 21%. Two (3.12%) patients developed post-operative morbidity (respiratory and thromboembolic complications). LOS for RYGB was 1.16 ± 0.97 and 1 ± 0 days for SG. The successful discharge rate on the 1st day after procedure was 96% and 100%, respectively. Readmission to hospital within a 30-day period presented itself on 4 patients (6.25%). Conclusion: Applying ERABS protocols is feasible, safe, morbidity low, LOS acceptable, and a low readmission rate within 30 days.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los protocolos de recuperación mejorada tras cirugía bariátrica (ERABS, Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery) implican intervenciones perioperatorias multimodales basadas en la evidencia diseñadas para reducir el estrés fisiológico, facilitar el retorno temprano de la función corporal y reducir los costos de atención médica al disminuir la duración de la estancia intrahospitalaria. Objetivo: Reportar la viabilidad y los resultados de la utilización de ERABS en un centro bariátrico de referencia. Método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo de procedimientos bariátricos realizados durante 12 meses en contexto ERABS, que incluyó medidas preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias. Los datos recopilados fueron demografía, comorbilidad, morbimortalidad, estancia intrahospitalaria y reingresos. Resultados: 64 pacientes, edad 38.8 ± 9.5 años, índice de masa corporal 44.1 ± 6.20 kg/m2, 55 (85.93%) bypass gástricos en Y de Roux (BGYR) y 9 (14.06%) mangas gástricas. Comorbilidad: hipertensión 37%, diabetes 34%, dislipidemia 23% y apnea obstructiva 21%. Dos (3.12%) pacientes desarrollaron morbilidad posoperatoria (complicaciones respiratorias y tromboembólicas). La estancia intrahospitalaria para el BGYR fue de 1.16 ± 0.97 días y para la manga 1 ± 0 días. El alta exitosa al primer día posoperatorio fue del 96% para el BGYR y del 100% para la manga. El reingreso hospitalario a 30 días se produjo en cuatro (6.25%) pacientes. Conclusión: La aplicación de protocolos ERABS es factible, segura, de baja morbilidad, con una estancia intrahospitalaria aceptable y una baja tasa de reingresos a 30 días.

El hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana fue re-aislado de superficies desinfectadas de fragmentos de la parte externa y del pedúnculo del fruto de cacao luego de dos y tres meses de que las flores de plantas criadas en invernadero fueran polinizadas manualmente y asperjadas con una suspensión de 1x10(7) mL-1 esporas de B. bassiana. La frecuencia de colonización de B. bassiana en el fruto de cacao fue de 0,8% y 1,3% luego de dos y tres meses de la aspersión de las esporas, respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que este hongo entomopatógeno puede ser establecido como hongo endófito de frutos de cacao luego de la aspersión de las flores de caco con esporas del hongo. Durante el estudio, también se aislaron otros hongos endófitos del fruto de cacao como Acremonium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. y Penicillium spp, y siete morfoespecies de bacterias, demostrando su presencia natural como endófitos de esta planta. Estos resultados sugieren que los frutos de cacao contribuyen al crecimiento tanto de hongos endófitos naturales como del hongo B. bassiana inoculado, y esto podría conllevar al establecimiento de una metodología novedosa para el manejo de insectos perforadores de frutos de cacao en programas de control biológico de insectos plaga.

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was re-isolated from surface sterilized pieces of the cocoa pod outer section and peduncle, two and three months after flowers of greenhouse cocoa plants were hand-pollinated and sprayed with a 1x10(7) mL-1 suspension of B. bassiana conidia. The colonization frequency of B. bassiana on cocoa pods was 0.8% and 1.3% two and three months post-spraying of conidial suspension, respectively. These results indicate that this entomopathogenic fungus can be established as an endophyte on cocoa pods if flowers are sprayed. Other naturally occurring endophytic fungi such as Acremonium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. as well as seven morphospecies of bacteria were also isolated from cocoa pods. These findings suggest that cocoa pods are conducive for endophytic fungal growth of both naturally occurring and inoculated B. bassiana, and could possibly lead to an innovative methodology to manage insect pests in biocontrol programs.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi levantar e registrar os inimigos naturais e competidores da broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), na região cafeeira colombiana. Apesar da recente introdução da broca do café na Colômbia, foram registrados 25 inimigos naturais, incluindo o fungo Beauveria bassiana. Com exceção do fungo, os outros organismos são registros novos de inimigos naturais da broca-do-café, o que demonstra o pouco conhecimento existente sobre esses agentes de controle natural e sobre os competidores que podem contribuir para manter as populações da praga em equilíbrio. O grupo com maior número de inimigos naturais foi o dos predadores, seguido pelos competidores, fungos, bactérias e protozoários. Somente uma vespa parasitóide foi registrada atacando os adultos da broca-do-café.

The objective of this research was to survey and record the natural enemies and competitors of the Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) in the Colombian coffee region. Despite the recently introduction of CBB to Colombia, 25 natural enemies were recorded, including Beauveria bassiana. Except for this fungus, the other organisms are new records of natural enemies of CBB. This emphasizes the little knowledge about these natural control agents and competitors that can help to keep the CBB population under control. The predators were the group with higher number of natural enemies followed by the competitors, fungi, bacteria and protozoans. Only one parasitoid wasp was recorded attacking CBB adults.